API limitations

Xata applies some limits based on the plan level and the API endpoint in order to ensure reliable operation and scalability.

• User limits
• Schema limits
• Column limits
• Record limits
• Request limits
• Response limits
• File attachments limits
• Rate limits

Scope	Limit
API keys per user	40
Workspaces per user	40

Scope	Limit
Databases per workspace	40
Tables per branch	100
Tables per workspace	1000
Database name length	255 chars
Branch name length	255 chars

Scope	Limit
Number of columns per table	256
id column length	255 chars
Text column size	unrestricted
Text[] type total size	unrestricted
String (deprecated) column length	2048 chars

Scope	Limit
Record size	600 KB

Scope	Limit
Request size	20 MB
Bulk insert	1000 records
Single-call transaction	1000 operations

Scope	Limit
Page size	1000 records
Offset pagination size	50000 records
Cursor pagination depth	Unrestricted

Scope	Limit
File size (when using file upload url or binary APIs)	5 GB
Request payload file size (when using Record APIs)	20 MB
Query response size (when it includes file content)	20 MB
Number of files in a file array	50
Max ttl for a signed URL	24h

The REST API may return HTTP response code 429 as a throttling error when the rate limiting conditions are met:

• Request rate limit: Total number of atomic HTTP requests submitted per second to any API endpoint under a branch
• Concurrency limit: Number of requests executing in parallel at any given moment within a certain Store of a branch

For more information on the available tiers, refer to our Pricing page and docs.

Xata uses store types with individual concurrency limits.

Store type	Free tier concurrency	Pro tier concurrency	Endpoints
Consistent transactional store	6	18	data, bulk, transaction, query, summarize, data, file
Read replicas store	9	27	query, summarize with option consistency: eventual
Search & Analytics store	15	45	aggregate, search, ask, vectorSearch
File attachments access urls	unrestricted	unrestricted	url, signedUrl

The Search & Analytics store is enabled by default but can be can be disabled in the Database Settings from the Web UI. Custom concurrency limits are offered with Enterprise plans.

In the event the concurrency limit in a store is exceeded, requests to it are throttled internally with a timeout of 100ms. After reaching the timeout, the API errors with HTTP response code 429.

For file attachments, the concurrency limits apply to CRUD and query operations on data and file endpoints. For content sharing and high throughput scenarios, the direct access URLs should be used, which are NOT subject to rate and concurrency limits.

Xata's SDK clients throttle and retry 429 requests until they can be processed. Instead of throwing an application error when you have a significant amount of traffic, it degrades the speed without failing. Whenever a request needs to be throttled by the SDK, it prints an application log with the amount of extra time it took to be processed. To avoid noticeable speed impact in your application, you can upgrade your plan.

Tips & best practices useful to optimize requests for the Xata API:

• In case the client receives a 429 response code from Xata, it means the request was not processed so your application can safely retry it.
• Log and track errors in your application error channels or log streams in order to monitor for throttling errors, so you can make informed decisions whether to upgrade your plan.
• For writing records to Xata, use the bulk endpoint instead of the atomic (individual record insert) data endpoint. The bulk endpoint allows batching of multiple records in a single request, which favors the optimal use of both your branch's request rate limit and concurrency slots in the transactional store.
• For requests to the query and summarize endpoints, consider using the consistency: eventual option to use the Read Replicas Store. This makes it less likely to reach the concurrency limit of either Store type and gets the best possible performance from your Xata plan.
• If you are not currently using any of the aggregate, search, ask and vectorSearch endpoints, you can opt-out from the Search store in the Database Settings from the Web UI to avoid storage costs associated with it.

Custom plans can increase or remove some limits. To discuss upgrading, contact us or complete the Contact Form.