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Migrate from AWS RDS to Xata

Learn how to migrate your AWS RDS PostgreSQL database to Xata using xata clone. Step-by-step instructions for secure migration from RDS.

Prerequisites

  • AWS RDS PostgreSQL instance
  • Access to AWS Console
  • Xata account and project setup
  • Network access to your RDS instance

Install and Configure the Xata CLI

Install the Xata CLI:

curl -fsSL https://xata.io/install.sh | bash

Authenticate with your Xata account:

xata auth login

Network Configuration

Option 1: Public Endpoint (Less Secure)

If your RDS instance has a public endpoint:

  1. Whitelist Your IP:
    • Go to your RDS instance → Security Groups
    • Add a rule allowing PostgreSQL (port 5432) from your IP address
    • Or temporarily allow from anywhere (0.0.0.0/0) for migration

For better security, run the migration from within AWS:

  1. EC2 Instance in Same VPC:

    • Launch an EC2 instance in the same VPC as your RDS
    • Install Xata CLI on the EC2 instance
    • Run the migration from there

  2. GitHub Actions with AWS Credentials:

    • Use GitHub Actions with AWS credentials
    • Configure the action to run in your VPC
    • Use the private endpoint for connection

Get Connection String

postgresql://your_username:your_password@your-rds-endpoint:5432/your_database

You can find the endpoint in the AWS RDS Console under your instance details.

Replicate Database Roles

Before migrating your data, you'll need to replicate the database roles from your source database to your Xata branch.

Extract Roles from Source Database

Connect to your source database and extract the role definitions:

-- Extract role definitions (run this on your source database)
SELECT 
    'CREATE ROLE ' || rolname || ' WITH ' ||
    CASE WHEN rolcanlogin THEN 'LOGIN ' ELSE 'NOLOGIN ' END ||
    CASE WHEN rolsuper THEN 'SUPERUSER ' ELSE 'NOSUPERUSER ' END ||
    CASE WHEN rolinherit THEN 'INHERIT ' ELSE 'NOINHERIT ' END ||
    CASE WHEN rolcreaterole THEN 'CREATEROLE ' ELSE 'NOCREATEROLE ' END ||
    CASE WHEN rolcreatedb THEN 'CREATEDB ' ELSE 'NOCREATEDB ' END ||
    CASE WHEN rolreplication THEN 'REPLICATION ' ELSE 'NOREPLICATION ' END ||
    CASE WHEN rolbypassrls THEN 'BYPASSRLS ' ELSE 'NOBYPASSRLS ' END ||
    'CONNECTION LIMIT ' || COALESCE(rolconnlimit, -1) || ';' as create_role_statement
FROM pg_roles 
WHERE rolname NOT LIKE 'pg_%'
ORDER BY rolname;

Apply Roles to Xata Branch

  1. Connect to your Xata branch:

    psql `xata branch url`

  2. Execute the role creation statements from the previous step

Initialize Xata Project

Set up your Xata project configuration:

xata init

Configure the Migration

Set up your clone configuration with optional anonymization:

# Set your source URL
export XATA_CLI_SOURCE_POSTGRES_URL="postgresql://your_username:your_password@your-rds-endpoint:5432/your_database"

# Configure anonymization rules
xata clone config --source-url $XATA_CLI_SOURCE_POSTGRES_URL --mode prompt

Start the Migration

Begin the data transfer:

# Start the migration
xata clone start --source-url $XATA_CLI_SOURCE_POSTGRES_URL

Monitor Progress

Check the migration status:

xata clone status

Verification

After migration, verify your data:

  1. Connect to Xata Branch:

    psql `xata branch url`

  2. Check Data Integrity:

    -- Compare row counts
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM your_table;

-- Check sample data
SELECT * FROM your_table LIMIT 10;

  3. Test Relationships: Verify foreign key relationships work correctly

Next Steps